Al-Qur'an (Arabic: القرآن) is Islam's holy book.
Muslims believe that the Qur'an is the culmination of God's revelation and the cover is reserved for humans, and part of the pillars of faith, delivered to the Prophet Muhammad sallallaahu 'alayhi wa sallam, through the intercession of the Angel Gabriel.
And as the first revelation received by Prophet Muhammad is as contained in the letter of Al-'Alaq verses 1-5.
In terms of language, the Qur'an comes from the Arabic for "recitation" or "something that is read over and over again".
The word Quran is the noun form (Masdar) from the verb meaning qara'a read.
The concept of usage of this word can also be found in one letter of the Quran itself that is in verses 17 and 18 Surah Al-Qiyamah which means:
"Actually collecting the Qur'an (in your chest) and (set) reading (on your tongue) it is dependent Us. (Therefore,) if we have read it, you should follow the {glory} reading "
Dr. Subhi al-Salih Al-Quran defines as follows:
"Kalam is a miracle of Allah revealed to Prophet Muhammad, and written and narrated by mutawatir Manuscripts, including the reading of worship".
As for Muhammad Ali al-Shabuni defines the Qur'an as follows:
"The Koran is the word of God is an unparalleled, revealed to the Prophet Muhammad the Seal of the Prophets and Apostles, with the mediation of the Angel Gabriel and written on the Manuscripts-Manuscripts are then forwarded to us mutawatir, and read and study it is worship, starting with the letter of Al-Fatihah and closed with a letter of An-Nas "
With the above definition, as Muslims believe, God's word revealed to the Prophet but the Prophet Muhammad, called al-Quran not like the Torah revealed to Prophet Moses' people of the United States or the Gospel revealed to the people of Prophet Isa AS.
Similarly, the word of God revealed to Prophet Muhammad SAW who read it are not considered worship, such as the Hadith Qudsi, not including the Qur'an.
The purity of the Book of Al-Quran is guaranteed directly by God, that Essence which creates and lowering the Koran itself.
And in fact we can see, the only book that is easy to learn even memorized by thousands of Muslims.
Name Other Names of the Qur'an:
In the Qur'an itself there are several verses that include other names used to refer to the Qur'an itself.
Here are the names and verses that lists them:
Al-Book, QS (2:2), QS (44:2)
Al-Furqan (distinguishing right one): QS (25:1)
Adh-Dhikr (warner): QS (15:9)
Al-Mau'idhah (lessons / advice): QS (10:57)
Al-hukm (rule / law): QS (13:37)
Al-Hikmah (wisdom): QS (17:39)
Ash-Shifa '(drug / healer): QS (10:57), QS (17:82)
Al-Huda (guidance): QS (72:13), Sura (9:33)
At-Tanzil (derived): Sura (26:192)
Ar-Rahmat (gift): QS (27:77)
Ar-Ruh (spirit): QS (42:52)
Al-Bayan (torch): Sura (3:138)
Al-Kalam (speech / word): QS (9:6)
Al-Busyra (news): Sura (16:102)
An-Nur (light): Sura (4:174)
Al-Basha'ir (guidelines): QS (45:20)
Al-Balagh (delivery / news) QS (14:52)
Al-Qaul (word / speech) QS (28:51)
The structure and division of the Koran
The letter, verse and bowing
The Qur'an consists of 114 sections, known by the name of the sura (letter).
Each letter will consist of a few verses, where the longest letter in verse 286 of Surat al-Baqarah is the shortest and only has 3 verses of Al Kautsar namely, An-Nasr and Al-'Aşr.
The letters are divided over the length of sub-section, called bowing to discuss a particular theme or topic.
Makkiyah and Madaniyah
Meanwhile, according to the revelation, each letter can be divided into Makkiyah letters (letters of Mecca) and Madaniyah (Medina letter).
This division is based on the place and time reduction of certain letters and verse in which letters are dropped before the Prophet migrated to Medina while the later classified letter Makkiyah Madaniyah classified letter.
The letter dropped in Mecca is generally short letter, regarding the principles of faith and morality, its calling is directed to humans.
While that is down in Medina are generally long-term letter, concerning the rules that govern one's relationship with God or with another person (shari'a).
Division based on the phase before and after the move is more appropriate, because there is a letter Madaniyah down in Mecca.
Juz and Manzil
In another distribution scheme, the Qur'an is also divided into 30 sections with equal length known as juz.
This division is to facilitate those who want to finish reading the Quran in 30 days (one month).
Another division of the Al-Quran Manzil split into 7 parts with the goal of completion of reading in 7 days (one week).
Both types of division does not have a relationship with a particular division of the subject of discussion.
According to letter size
Then in terms of long-short, the letters are in the Quran is divided into four sections, namely:
As Sab'uththiwaal (seven letters long).
Ie Surat Al-Baqarah, Aal 'Imraan An-Nisaa', al-A'raaf, Al-An'am, Al Maa-idah and Jonah
Al Miuun (one hundred verses more), such as Hud, Yusuf, Mu'min and so on
Al Matsaani (slightly less than one hundred verses), such as Al-Anfal, Al-Hijr and so on
Al Mufashshal (short letters), like the Adh-Dhuha, Al-Ikhlas, Al-Falaq, An-Nas and so on
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